In solving generalization problems that involve figures and diagrams, I have always found working with the figures—constructing and deconstructing them—to generate the formula more interesting than working with the sequence of numbers directly that is, making a table of values and apply some technique to find the formula. Here’s a sample problem involving counting hexagons.
Here are some questions your students have been wanting to ask you in your algebra class. Daniel Chazan and Michal Yerushalmy in their article On Appreciating the Cognitive Complexity of School Algebra posed these questions about equivalence of equations , solving equations, and equivalence of expressions for us teachers to ponder upon.
How will you answer the following questions? What explanation will you give to the students?
Here’s a video that explains why you need to memorise PEMDAS (or BODMAS, BIDMAS, depending where you are in the world) order of operation and why you don’t need to. Minute Physics who made this video made a mistake in assuming that PEMDAS is taught in schools without emphasising that multiplication and division should be done whichever comes first from left to right. But he does explain the ‘why’ behind the rule plus the importance of knowing fundamental ideas such as the distributive property and the associative property. This is what makes the video worth viewing.
You want to test your PEMDAS skill try this problem.
An algebraic function is a function created by applying the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and extracting the nth root. Let me give an example. Suppose you have the function f and g where f is a linear function and g is a constant function. Let f(x)=x and g(x) = -3. We can create another linear function h by multiplying f and g that is h(x) = -3x. We can also create another linear function l where l = f – g, that is l(x) = x-3.
What about quadratic functions? A quadratic function (with real roots) is a product of two linear functions. So we can make a quadratic function n by multiplying f and l for example. That is, n(x) = f(x) x l(x) = x(x-3). And cubic function? A cubic function is a product of three linear functions or of a quadratic function and a linear function. And quartic function? Well, you must have figured it by now. This process of creating function by multiplying linear functions produces a family of functions called polynomial functions so called because its algebraic representation is a polynomial.
Polynomial Function Family
What kind of function is produced when you divide a function by a function in x? Using the function defined earlier, what is g÷f? g÷l?f÷l? Getting the quotient of two polynomial functions give us a new family of functions: p(x) = -3/x; q(x) = -3/(x-3); and, r(x) = x/(x-3). These expressions defining the functions will not simplify to polynomial expressions so they do not belong to the family of polynomial functions. They belong to what is called the family of rational functions so called because they are defined by rational expressions.
You can also raise a function to a fractional power, that is get the nth root of the function. For example we can have t(x)= x^0.5. That is t(x)=sqrt of x. I don’t know what this family of function is called. Maybe we can call then nth root functions.
These three families — polynomial functions, rational functions, and nth root functions, all belong to the family of algebraic functions. Functions that are not algebraic functions are called transcendental functions.
